Basically we want the programs and data to reside in main memory permanently....

1. Structured Query Language (SQL): SQL is a domain-specific language used in programming and designed for managing data held in a relational database management system also known as RDBMS. It is also useful in handling structured data, i.e., data incorporating relations among entities and variables. SQL is a standard language for storing, manipulating, and retrieving data in databases....

Data transfer instructions are the instructions that transfer data in the microprocessor. They are also called copy instructions. Here is the following is the table showing the list of logical instructions:...

Arithmetic Instructions are the instructions which perform basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction and a few more. In 8085 microprocessor, the destination operand is generally the accumulator. Following is the table showing the list of arithmetic instructions:...

In I/O Interface (Interrupt and DMA Mode), we have discussed the concept behind the Interrupt-initiated I/O. To summarize, when I/O devices are ready for I/O transfer, they generate an interrupt request signal to the computer. The CPU receives this signal, suspends the current instructions it is executing, and then moves forward to service that transfer request. But what if multiple devices generate interrupts simultaneously. In that case, we have a way to decide which interrupt is to be serviced first. In other words, we have to set a priority among all the devices for systemic interrupt servicing. The concept of defining the priority among devices so as to know which one is to be serviced first in case of simultaneous requests is called a priority interrupt system. This could be done with either software or hardware methods....

Parallel processing is used to increase the computational speed of computer systems by performing multiple data-processing operations simultaneously. For example, while an instruction is being executed in ALU, the next instruction can be read from memory. The system can have two or more ALUs and be able to execute multiple instructions at the same time. In addition, two or more processing is also used to speed up computer processing capacity and increases with parallel processing, and with it, the cost of the system increases. But, technological development has reduced hardware costs to the point where parallel processing methods are economically possible. Parallel processing derives from multiple levels of complexity. It is distinguished between parallel and serial operations by the type of registers used at the lowest level....

Prerequisite – Classification of Computers...

1. Tablet: A tablet or Tablet Computer is a device generally operated with a mobile operating system. It has a touchscreen display and there is a rechargeable battery inbuilt into it. It is basically a thin and flat device. It does not poses any physical keyboard with it. The lasting time of the battery in the tablet is more as compared to the battery life of the laptop. It is light weighted and portable easily. It is better than a standard computer because it is small in size and you can easily take it with you anywhere....

1. Buffer : Buffer is a temporary storage area, usually a block in memory, in which items are placed while waiting to be transferred from an input device or to an output device. It is mostly used for input/output processes. As an example, if you were to print a long document, you would not want your CPU waiting around asking your printer “Are you ready for another paragraph?” Instead, the CPU will fill a memory buffer with the document’s data, instruct the printer to print the buffer contents, and go back to its other business....

In this article, we are going to learn about hardware protection and its types. So first, lets take a look at the type of hardware which is used in a computer system. We know that a computer system consists of hardware components like processor, monitor, RAM and many more. The important thing is, that the operating system ensures that these devices are not directly accessible by the user....

A stack is a storage device in which the information or item stored last is retrieved first. Basically, a computer system follows a memory stack organization, and here we will look at how it works....

Stack size is a crucial aspect of C/C++ programming that determines the amount of memory available for storing function call frames and local variables. In this article, we will discuss the importance of stack size, how it is determined, how to check and increase it, and best practices for managing it....